by Glenn N. Holliman
More Letters and News of the Home Front....
World War II finally ended the Great Depression of the 1930s. Unemployment fell to record levels ending a decade of public assistance and public work programs. By the fall of 1942, only 1.5 million out of a labor force of 54 million were unemployed, and many of these moving to other jobs or waiting to enter the armed services.
The letters written by the Hollimans, an Irondale, Alabama family reflect the growing stresses and changes brought on by war time demands and the emerging role of women. Men were being drafted, and more and more women took jobs men had held or went to work in war plants. Older values and customs came under stress and anxieties and issues were often discussed in the home front letters.
Stores remained opened later to deal with women shoppers, now workers, who could not visit stores during day time hours. Pearl Caine Holliman (1887-1955), left, wrote to her son in the Navy, Bishop Holliman, that "The Dalys (her daughter, Vena, granddaughter Mary Daly Herrin and son-in-law, Robert Daly, Sr.) and Ralph (Holliman, her youngest son) have gone shopping tonight. You know the stores stay open till 9 o'clock (in Birmingham)."
Husband Ulyss S. Holliman (1884-1965), above, "has to work 6 days a week now and 9 hours per day. He says they have more wrecked street cars
than they have had since he has been with the B'ham Electric Company."
One of the millions of women who went to work was Virginia Holliman Cornelius (1922-2011), Pearl's youngest daughter, a brilliant graduate of Shades-Cahaba High School, president of her 1940 class and yearbook editor. She married Walter Cornelius (1922-2007) in late January 1942, and soon took a job in her brother-in-law's (Robert W. Daly, Sr.) Woodlawn, Alabama bank, taking the place of a drafted man.
Robert Daly, Sr. at his death in 1959 was branch manager and assistant vice president of the First National Bank of Birmingham, later AmSouth. Many years later, Robert's grandson, E. Clayton Herrin, would serve also as an assistant vice president and branch manager of the same bank and occupied the same office as that of his grandfather.
Below the new 1951 bank office of Robert's, which would in later decades be Clayton's!
Reflecting the scarcity of workers and ease of finding new employment, was a letter Pearl wrote in the fall of 1942.
"Virginia has been offered a
new job at the airport, more money. She
may take it. Guess she will have
to. She won't be able to keep every thing
going with what she makes at the bank."
Below an amazing picture from the 1940 Shades Cahaba yearbook. Virginia sits in the center as yearbook editor and business manager, Walter Cornelius is on the left of her, a bit scrunched in this posed picture. This photograph is almost a metaphor of their 30 years marriage, both career professionals. Virginia, the banker, was always a bit further ahead professionally than Walter, a lawyer. She supported the family during his college and law school days, which perturbed more traditional members of the Holliman family.
Virginia wrote Bishop the following that same autumn. "I had an offer to work at Eastern Air Lines for $100 a
month. But there would be some night
work. They gave me a $10 raise to stay
at the bank with more the first of the year.
So I will stay here as transportation to and from the airport at night
(would cost money so ) probably would make out as well."
Virginia would stay in banking and after traveling with her husband to his training bases in 1944, returned to Irondale, re-entered banking and stayed with it until retirement in 1990. She broke some glass ceilings along the way becoming the first woman senior vice president of AmSouth.
The oldest child, Melton Pearson Holliman (1908-1958), a pharmacy supply salesman, was anxious to get into the war, even though he was 34 years old and married. Below are exerts from his fall 1942 letters reflecting his conflicting thoughts on the draft and entering the service. (He would enter the U.S. Army, age 35, in August 1943.)
"I received a letter from my draft board
yesterday wanting to know if my dependents or job had changed. Guess I'll be in before long. I'll be glad of it."
"I wrote my boss today that unless something happened I
intended to enlist in the Navy November 15th.
I'll be glad when it is done as this uncertainty is bad on one's
nerves."
"I suppose you have heard they are taking 18 and 19
year old boys now. Say they don't want
old men. So...I suppose that means I
won't get in until spring 1943. I hope
they don't consider me old."
As with his mother, Pearl, Melton was not pleased that his new brother-in-law stayed out of the Army and went to college while his wife, Virgina, worked. One can detect differing attitudes of the role of wives and their husbands in Melton's scathing letter in October 1942.
"I suppose you have heard about
Virginia's husband going back to college and she is continuing work to pay his
way through. I have only utter contempt
for anyone who would do this. And the
least I can say will be for the best."
The draft hung over all, especially for young 18 year old Ralph, who continued working in the fall of 1942, and calling on his girl friend, Motie Chism. Another brother-in-law of Ralph's, The Rev. Charles Ferrell, pastor of the Jacksonville, Alabama Methodist Church penned these words to Bishop that stressful fall of 1942.
"Ralph spent the day with his girl
friend. From all accounts he has it
pretty bad. He doesn't believe it would
do any good to go to school. Of course,
you can't tell him anything."
Ralph's mother, Pearl, observed: "Well, I guess Dad and I will soon be in
this big old house by our selves. It
want be long before Ralph will be gone, and if he had started to school last
fall it would not have helped him any for every one that was in his class that
was in school, left last Saturday (for the service). I know the Lord is able to take care of him
just as He is taking care of you."
Below a 1984 picture of Motie, Ralph, Mary Daly Herrin and Bishop Holliman.
"Ralph goes to see his girl 3 or 4 times a week. Ralph had Motie over here, first time I had seen
her." As noted in this space before, however young Ralph and Motie might have been, their 1943 marriage lasted sixty years until her death in 2003.
Below, Charles and Loudelle Ferrell
Charles Ferrell's wife, Loudelle Holliman (1914-1998), by then the mother of three children, and a pastor's wife, did her bit to increase home food production. She wrote: "We are getting eggs enough for our family now. Day before yesterday we got 7; yesterday
5. It surely is sweet music to hear
those hens cackling. I never would have
thought I would ever enjoy such as that so much. We also have 21 little ones that we are
'rearing' to eat."
Housing was a premium during the War. Widows such as Lula Hocutt Caine of Irondale, Pearl's mother (1861-1957) took in boarders and the behaviors of some renters left a lot to be desired. Pearl reported in several letters:
"Grandma is doing fine,
except the renters have been on a spree.
Had a fight last nite, and broke out some of the windows."
"Mother is having a time with her roomers. In fact they liked to killed each other this
a.m., about 3 a.m. and called me. Had to
bring mother up here about 4:30 am. They
had him arrested last wed. nit, but he was out on bond. They will have to go to court next week.
Think we will get him out this time if he don't tear the house down. I think the very devil has turned loose in
him so that place will be to clean up and get new rents. Mother said she wished Bishop was home to
stay with her."
"I don't know what we
will do with them. Let them stay I
guess. Some of these times, they will
kill one or both."
Below Lula Hocutt Caine, born Fayette County, Alabama and whose father died in January 1863 as a result of the Battle of Stones River, Murfreesboro, Tennessee. In this 1950 picture, she was 89 years old.
Grandma Caine, as she was known to the family, needed the renter income. William Lee Caine, born in 1862 died in 1938, worked as a guard for the railroad and evidently left no pension, and that in an era before Social Security. The 1940 Census reported she earned no income although her son, Floyd Caine, age 54 in 1942 lived with her, at least for a while. Often relatives had to help financially.
Pearl Caine Holliman usually closed her letters to her sons with a benediction. Below are her words of faith, with a closing on movie and radio star of the time - Bob Hope!
"May the Lord bless and keep you. Write as often as you can. Good nite and God bless you. love Mother H. PS Bob Hope is own (on)."
Next, the first year of the war ends with a surprise visit home....
